second draft

*Second draft*

* Arab Migration to western countries*

                 Migration is considered a movement of people from one country to another  . The migration of Arabs  to the American continent dates back to the second half of the nineteenth century. Migration has many axes that can be discussed.   First of all its types , it can be divided into  first, optional: that made  by the individual's will and usually a desire to move to a new home for  a better life. Second, Forced migration (displacement): to be made by an external force imposed against the will of individuals or groups. For instance,  700 thousand Palestinians have been displaced after the 1948 war outside of Palestine. Third, Permanent migration: individual or groups migrate to a new country and the return to their homeland may be possible. Fourth, Temporary migration: where the individual or groups migrate  to a new home on a temporary basis in order to improve educational attainment or the living situation but they  return to their native country at the end. Arab Migration to western  countries has its justifiable reasons ,benefits and demerits as they are mentioned later.

                  Migration to western countries is  due to several reasons   that can be subdivided  into   political: like Political instability, corruption , nepotism and  weakness of public freedoms .   Also there are  economic dimensions of the Arab brain drain(the migration of the  Arab scientists): such as Lower standard of living of the scientific competencies . Because the income level of the learners and the scientific competencies  is generally low and below the level of income of merchants , professionals, and others .what  urges them to migrate to a country that appreciates  science and  scientists.   Finally ,the recreational purposes like tourist visits. A lot of Arab immigrants have left their homes, and migrated to a new country, after visiting this country in temporary tourist  visits . They were pleased to live there forever.

                 On the one hand , some  people support the idea of migration as there are some benefits of  migration to western countries ,they are as the following: Material income, for example, Egypt is benefiting from remittances from Egyptians working abroad, whether they are scientists or others.  Also Contribution to solving the unemployment problem and relieving its effects .  In addition,  increase scientific knowledge :most scientists migrate to the advanced industrial countries as they have a good environment for them to exercise their  competence. This is what was missing in their homeland, and this outcome contributes to the progress and the prosperity of their  homeland later.  Moreover, the presence of Arab scientists in developed countries, contributes to the definition of their country and their culture,  their ideas and their  political beliefs to the other peoples.                   

 

(The brain drain Arab)

(migration of Arab scientists)

               On the other hand,  people who reject the idea of migration think it has some dangerous demerits like  beneficiary countries of the Arab brain drain. For example, The growing influence of America  is due to the increasing migration to it, and 33% of those who received the Nobel Prize in America were immigrants. Many studies indicate that America wouldn't have achieved all this progress without  the immigrant scientists such as Albert Einstein, Farouq Al Baz and Ahmed Zewail.Also,research centers and universities are deprived  of the Arab scientists who are needed to teach at universities. What's more, lack of social balance: most migrants are young males and their marriages to foreign women deprived  their females of marriage, and f and there are more than 15 million women are spinsters.

               In conclusion, migration to western countries  is a double-edged sword and we have to make  best use of its benefits . I agree with the temporary migration as we can transfer Scientific expertise and technological progress to our country through sending  scientific missions and scholarships.  So it is essential for the Arab States to develop their potentials so that they can attract their  scientists and make them  stay  in their home countries. Because  they can contribute and make radical changes in the quality ,development, progress and  prosperity of the Arab nation to achieve its civilization. furthermore, I disagree with the permanent migration as the new offspring of  the Arabs  may not  have real belonging to their homeland .They  also acquire behaviors that are inconsistent with their traditions and religion like drinking alcoholic beverages, Family disintegration and moral deviation. As  it's said "East or West, Home is the best ". so we have to do our best to elevate our country to be a source of pride and dignity to us.

****************************

***********

******