second draft

*Second draft*

* Arab Migration to western countries*

                 Migration is considered a movement of people from one country to another  . The migration of Arabs  to the American continent dates back to the second half of the nineteenth century. Migration has many axes that can be discussed.   First of all its types , it can be divided into  first, optional: that made  by the individual's will and usually a desire to move to a new home for  a better life. Second, Forced migration (displacement): to be made by an external force imposed against the will of individuals or groups. For instance,  700 thousand Palestinians have been displaced after the 1948 war outside of Palestine. Third, Permanent migration: individual or groups migrate to a new country and the return to their homeland may be possible. Fourth, Temporary migration: where the individual or groups migrate  to a new home on a temporary basis in order to improve educational attainment or the living situation but they  return to their native country at the end. Arab Migration to western  countries has its justifiable reasons ,benefits and demerits as they are mentioned later.

                  Migration to western countries is  due to several reasons   that can be subdivided  into   political: like Political instability, corruption , nepotism and  weakness of public freedoms .   Also there are  economic dimensions of the Arab brain drain(the migration of the  Arab scientists): such as Lower standard of living of the scientific competencies . Because the income level of the learners and the scientific competencies  is generally low and below the level of income of merchants , professionals, and others .what  urges them to migrate to a country that appreciates  science and  scientists.   Finally ,the recreational purposes like tourist visits. A lot of Arab immigrants have left their homes, and migrated to a new country, after visiting this country in temporary tourist  visits . They were pleased to live there forever.

                 On the one hand , some  people support the idea of migration as there are some benefits of  migration to western countries ,they are as the following: Material income, for example, Egypt is benefiting from remittances from Egyptians working abroad, whether they are scientists or others.  Also Contribution to solving the unemployment problem and relieving its effects .  In addition,  increase scientific knowledge :most scientists migrate to the advanced industrial countries as they have a good environment for them to exercise their  competence. This is what was missing in their homeland, and this outcome contributes to the progress and the prosperity of their  homeland later.  Moreover, the presence of Arab scientists in developed countries, contributes to the definition of their country and their culture,  their ideas and their  political beliefs to the other peoples.                   

 

(The brain drain Arab)

(migration of Arab scientists)

               On the other hand,  people who reject the idea of migration think it has some dangerous demerits like  beneficiary countries of the Arab brain drain. For example, The growing influence of America  is due to the increasing migration to it, and 33% of those who received the Nobel Prize in America were immigrants. Many studies indicate that America wouldn't have achieved all this progress without  the immigrant scientists such as Albert Einstein, Farouq Al Baz and Ahmed Zewail.Also,research centers and universities are deprived  of the Arab scientists who are needed to teach at universities. What's more, lack of social balance: most migrants are young males and their marriages to foreign women deprived  their females of marriage, and f and there are more than 15 million women are spinsters.

               In conclusion, migration to western countries  is a double-edged sword and we have to make  best use of its benefits . I agree with the temporary migration as we can transfer Scientific expertise and technological progress to our country through sending  scientific missions and scholarships.  So it is essential for the Arab States to develop their potentials so that they can attract their  scientists and make them  stay  in their home countries. Because  they can contribute and make radical changes in the quality ,development, progress and  prosperity of the Arab nation to achieve its civilization. furthermore, I disagree with the permanent migration as the new offspring of  the Arabs  may not  have real belonging to their homeland .They  also acquire behaviors that are inconsistent with their traditions and religion like drinking alcoholic beverages, Family disintegration and moral deviation. As  it's said "East or West, Home is the best ". so we have to do our best to elevate our country to be a source of pride and dignity to us.

****************************

***********

******

migration

The brain drain Arab)

(migration of Arab scientists)

*First draft*

* Arab Migration to western countries*

                    Migration is defined as  a movement of people from one country to another  . The migration of Arabs  to the American continent dates back to the second half of the nineteenth century. Migration has many axes that can be discussed.   First of all its types , it can be divided into  first, optional that made  by individual initiative and usually a desire to move to a new home for the better. Second, Forced migration (displacement): to be made by an external force imposed against the will of individuals or groups, for example  700 thousand Palestinians have been displaced after the 1948 war outside of Palestine. Third, Permanent migration: individual or groups migrate to a new country and the return to their homeland may be possible. Fourth, Temporary migration: where the individual or groups migrate  to a new home on a temporary basis in order to improve educational attainment or the living situation but they  return to their native country at the end. Arab Migration to western  countries has its justifiable reasons ,benefits and demerits as they are mentioned later.

                   Migration to western countries due to several reasons   that can be subdivided  into   political: like Political instability, the spread of bribery, corruption , nepotism and  weakness of public freedoms .The  economic dimensions of the Arab brain drain(the migration of the  Arab scientists): such as Lower standard of living of the scientific competencies because the income level of the learners and the scientific competencies  is generally low and below the level of income of merchants , professionals, artists and others, what urges  them to migrate to a country that appreciate  science and  scientists.   Finally ,the recreational purposes like tourist visits: a lot of Arab immigrants have left their homes, and migrated to a new country, after visiting this country in temporary tourist   visits  and they were pleased to live there.

                On the one hand , some  people support the idea of migration as there are some benefits of  migration to western countries ,they are as the following: Return of Material, it varies  from state to state, as America, allows  the transfer of any amount  of money that  immigrant wants out , Arab Republic of Egypt, for example, benefits  the  transfer of funds of migrants, whether they are scientists or others, including more than $ 3 billion a year is the sum of the Suez Canal and cotton.  Also Contribution to solving the unemployment problem and relieving its effects .  In addition,  increase scientific knowledge :most scientists migrate to the advanced industrial countries as they have a good environment for them to exercise their  competence, this thing that was missing in their native land ,this outcome contributes to the progress and the prosperity of their  homeland later.  Furthermore ,   As the presence of Arab scholars in developed countries, contributes  to  define their country, culture , their  ideas and their political beliefs.

                 On the other hand,  people who reject the idea of migration think it has some dangerous demerits like  Beneficiary countries of the Arab brain drain: for instance, The growing influence of America   due to the increasing migration to it, what made its population increased more its normal rate, (as) 33% of those who received the Nobel Prize in America were immigrants. Many studies indicate that America wouldn't have achieved all this progress without  the immigrant scientists such as Albert Einstein, Farouq Al Baz and Ahmed Zewail.Also,research centers and universities are deprived  of the Arab scientists who are needed to teach at universities. What's more, lack of social balance: that most migrants are young males and their marriages to foreign women deprived  their females of marriage and for that we see in the Arab world now and there are more than 15 million women are spinsters.

 

             In conclusion, migration to western countries  is a double-edged sword and we have to make the best use of its benefits . I agree with the temporary migration as we can transfer Scientific expertise and technological progress to our country through sending  scientific missions and scholarships.  So it is essential for the Arab States to develop their potentials so that they can attract their  scientists and make them  stay  in their home countries. Because  they can contribute and make radical changes in the quality ,development, progress and  prosperity of the Arab nation to achieve its civilization. Also, I disagree with the permanent migration as the new offspring of  the Arabs  may don't have real belonging to their homeland .They  also acquire behaviors that are inconsistent with their traditions and religion like drinking alcoholic beverages, Family disintegration and moral deviation. As  it's said East or West, Home is the best . so we have to do our best to elevate our country to be a source of pride and dignity to us.

****************************

***********

******

Brainstorming

*Brainstorming*

(Arab migration to Western countries)

*The definition of migration

*The types of migration: permanent, temporary, optional, compulsory

*The reasons for migration: political, economic, social, scientific and recreational purposes

*The benefits of migration to western countries: financial return,

solving the unemployment problem, Increase scientific knowledge, Contributing to the dialogue of civilizations.

*The demerits of migration to western countries: moral deviation, loss of the native language, lack of social balance, deprivation of the Arab scientists, Lack of belonging to the homeland

FINAL DRAFT

Air pollution**

             

              Air is considered one of  the major substances that enables people to be alive. Other planets have sunlight, but the Earth is the only planet we know that has air and water. Without air and water, the Earth would be unable to sustain life .So there is a severe necessity to keep air clean. Unfortunately air is undergone to a great  injustice by people. Air pollution is one of the most hazards that endangers our  life.   Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amounts  . The substances that cause air pollution are called pollutants. Pollutants include carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the combustion of coal. Air pollution has catastrophic effects on people as it causes some deadly diseases like allergic diseases. So there is an urgent emergency to take decisive procedures to save ourselves and our earth.

                The causes of air pollution are divided into natural such as Volcanic eruptions which can spew massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere ,forest fires, pollen scattering, sandstorms and other pollutants made by people like thermal energy ,burning the rice straw in Egypt ,car fumes, pesticides, wastes of factories and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) of Motor Vehicles. These chemicals can cause  some chronic diseases like severe irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. They can also be absorbed into the body and cause deterioration in general health. Some materials like arsenic and lead cause mental retardation ,and Carbon Monoxide (CO) causes disrupting the supply of oxygen to the body’s tissues.

              To sum up, reducing air pollution is the responsibility of government and individuals. The ministry of environment must enact laws prohibiting smoking in public places .To improve air quality in the cities , we have to increase the number of trees and vegetation inside and around them. The government must make obligations for factories to use filters  during manufacturing, and who doesn't do this, has to be fined. In Egypt there should be cooperation of all segments of Egyptian society. we have to help the Business & Industry to produce environmentally friendly products & services with minimal harmful impact on the environment. We are all in the same lifeboat and are biologically affected very much the same by the environmental conditions. There should be courses to increase the awareness of people about how they conserve their environment .We can make the environment a national priority to save our lives.

******************************

******************

***********

final draft

             

        * Air is considered one of  the major substances that enables people to be alive. Other planets have sunlight, but the Earth is the only planet we know that has air and water. Without air and water, the Earth would be unable to sustain life .So there is a severe necessity to keep air clean. Unfortunately air is undergone to a great  injustice by people. Air pollution is one of the most hazards that endangers our  life, it means Contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases, mainly oxides of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.   Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amounts. That is, amounts which could be harmful to the health of humans and animals or which could cause damage to plants and materials. The substances that cause air pollution are called pollutants. Pollutants include carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the combustion of coal. Some forms of air pollution create global problems, such as upper atmosphere ozone depletion and global warming. Air pollution has catastrophic effects on people as it causes some deadly diseases like allergic diseases, inflammation in the eye Lung damage or respiratory disease. So there is an urgent emergency to take decisive procedures to save ourselves and our earth.

            * The causes of air pollution are divided into natural such as Volcanic eruptions which can spew massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere ,forest fires, pollen scattering, sandstorms and other pollutants made by people like thermal energy ,burning the rice straw in Egypt ,car fumes, pesticides, wastes of factories and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) of Motor Vehicles. These chemicals can cause  some chronic diseases like severe irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. They can also be absorbed into the body and cause deterioration in general health. Also people can be infected with pneumonia. Some materials like arsenic and lead cause mental retardation ,and Carbon Monoxide (CO) causes disrupting the supply of oxygen to the body’s tissues.

\        * To sum up, reducing air pollution is the responsibility of government and individuals. The ministry of environment must enact laws prohibiting smoking in public places .To improve air quality in the cities , we have to increase the number of trees and vegetation inside and around them ,There should be national plan to plant trees and flowers in front of every building and urging people to use clean energy like solar energy and natural gas instead of petrol. The government must make obligations for factories to use filters  during manufacturing, and who doesn't do this, has to be fined. In Egypt there should be cooperation of all segments of Egyptian society, the business, the government, the mothers and housewives, the students, the artists and all the professionals inside and outside Egypt.  we have to help the Business & Industry to produce environmentally friendly products & services with minimal adverse impact on the environment. We are all in the same lifeboat and are biologically affected very much the same by the environmental conditions. Hence we all have a shared destiny as far as the environment is concerned. There should be course to increase the awareness of people about how they conserve their environment .We can make the environment a national priority to save our lives.

******************************

******************

***********

Air pollution**

*Air Pollution*

                    Air is considered one of  the major substances that enables people to be alive. Other planets have sunlight, but the Earth is the only planet we know that has air and water. Without air and water, the Earth would be unable to sustain life .So there is a severe necessity to keep air clean. Unfortunately air is undergone to a great  injustice by people. Air pollution  means Contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases, mainly oxides of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.   Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amounts. That is, amounts which could be harmful to the health of humans and animals or which could cause damage to plants and materials. The substances that cause air pollution are called pollutants. Pollutants that are pumped into our atmosphere and directly pollute the air are called primary pollutants. Primary pollutant examples include carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the combustion of coal. There are also natural sources such as wind-blown dust and smoke from fires .Some forms of air pollution create global problems, such as upper atmosphere ozone depletion and global warming. Air pollution has catastrophic effects on people as it causes some deadly diseases like allergic diseases, inflammation in the eye Lung damage or Respiratory Disease. So there is an urgent emergency to take decisive procedures to save ourselves and our earth.

                   The causes of air pollution are divided into natural such as Volcanic eruptions which can spew massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere ,forest fires, pollen scattering, sandstorms and other pollutants made by people like thermal power ,burning the rice straw in Egypt ,car fumes, pesticides, wastes of factories, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) of Motor Vehicles, Lead (Pb) is largely derived from the combustion of lead additives in motor fuels as well as lead smelting. Smoke is a by-product of incomplete combustion. Incomplete combustion can significantly increase the quantity of certain toxic chemicals discharged by vehicles into the air. These chemicals can cause mild to severe irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. They can also be absorbed into the body and cause deterioration in general health. Also people can be infected with pneumonia. Some materials like arsenic and lead cause mental retardation ,and Carbon Monoxide (CO) causes disrupting the supply of oxygen to the body’s tissues.

                   To sum up, reducing air pollution is the responsibility of government and individuals. The ministry of environment must enact laws prohibiting smoking in public places .To improve air quality in the cities , we have to increase the number of trees and vegetation inside and around them ,There should be national plan to plant trees and flowers in front of every building and urging people to use clean energy like solar energy and natural gas instead of petrol.  The government must make obligations for factories to use filters . In Egypt there should be cooperation of all segments of Egyptian society, the business, the government, the mothers and housewives, the students, the artists and all the professionals inside and outside Egypt.
 we have to help the Business & Industry to produce environmentally friendly products & services with minimal adverse impact on the environment. All of us rich or poor, men, women or children, Muslims or Christians, intellectuals or illiterate, powerful or weak, Politicians, students, professionals, farmers, workers, house wives, breathe the same air, drink from the same source and eat food grown in the same soil. We are all in the same lifeboat and are biologically affected very much the same by the environmental conditions. Hence we all have a shared destiny as far as the environment is concerned. if each of us ask his friends, family to contact the media, to contact the famous artists so they can join and spread the message further. We can bring awareness and make the environment a national priority.

******************************

Outline

" Air Pollution "

1.   Introduction

•           The importance of air in our life.
•           The definition of air pollution.

2.   Some causes of air pollution in Egypt.

•            Car fumes.
•            Pesticides
•            The burning of rice straw.
•            Wastes of factory.
•             Freon of fridges and freezers.

3.   The effects of air pollutions .

•          Some diseases like pneumonia.
•          Some material like Arsenic and lead cause mental retardation.

4.    Solutions.

•         Enacting some laws to build industrial zones outside the crowded cities.
•         Encouraging car drivers to use solar energy and  natural gas instead of poisonous gases.
•         Take procedures by Egyptian Ministry of Environment to fine factories that don't follow these precautionary sanctions. 

Welcome Message

 " Peace be Upon Everybody "

*********************

Suez Canal University

Faculty of Education
English Department

___________________

 " Writing and Critical  Reading "

( 4th year _General )

**********************

" Birds of feather , flock together "

Welcome all to my web blog, I hope we enjoy our time and get benefits of our exchangeable information .Thanks for your browsing